Synthèse des prospectives 2019

Societal challenges

Adapting digital technology to the ecological transition

Digital technology needs to be adapted to the major challenge that is the ecological transition:

• Methods to better understand the environmental and societal impact of digital technology
• More important need for resiliency
• Need to recreate systems and infrastructures that require less energy, resources, maintainance, etc.

Challenges (Problems to solve)

Explainability and accountability of embarked and cyber-physical systems

The increasing complexity and autonomy of CPS have made accountability and explainability requirements more crucial: in order to be socially acceptable, the behaviors of CPS must be explainable. This is particularly the case for systems in which decision making is based on AI, but it is not limited to this case. Along with safety, the respect - and violation - of properties such as security and privacy must be explainable. This explainability should in particular be used to understand were the blame lies from a legal point of view when a CPS malfunctions.

Research themes

Concepts, languages and tools for modelling and verifying complex systems

• Graph rewriting
• Automated reasoning

Embedded IA

"Embedded IA" and more specifically "embedded machine learning". There are now FPGA and ASIC implementations for ML and CNN (convolutional neural networks), as well as multicore deployments.

Proof formalisation in applied mathematics and theoretical computer science

E.g.:

• Development of libraries of certified definitions
• Theorems and algorithms for financial mathematics, logic, etc.

Typed high-level languages for data science

The preparation of data (clean-up, requests, distributed handling, etc.) is of paramount importance in the construction of AI applications. Construction of type systems for the analysis and handling of data. Construction of analysis methods and optimized compilation for these languages; in particular for requests.